Average Young's modulus values of wood along the longitudinal axis (EL) obtained from bending tests are given in the following table.
Average coefficients of variation of EL is 22% based on results of bending tests of clear & green wood from approximately 50 species. Values for wood adjusted to 12% moisture content may be assumed to be approximately of the same magnitude.
Average values of elastic moduli along the tangential (ET) and radial (ER) axes of wood for samples from a few species are given in the following table as ratios with elastic moduli along the longitudinal (EL) axis. Since the modulus of elasticity values are determined from bending, the tabulated values given above includes an effect of shear deflection. EL values from bending can be increased by 10% to remove this effect approximately.