Modulus of elasticity (or also referred to as Young’s modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain in elastic range of deformation. For typical metals, modulus of elasticity is in the range between 45 GPa (6.5 x 106 psi) to 407 GPa (59 x 106 psi). Modulus of elasticity is also a measure of material's stiffness
or resistance to elastic deformation. If the Young modulus of metal is greater,
it's stiffer. Modulus of elasticity is an important design factor for metals for
calculations of elastic deflections.
Room temperature modulus of elasticity values for some of the aluminum alloys, copper alloys, cast irons,
various non-ferrous metals, steel alloys and titanium alloys are given in the following chart.
|
Modulus of Elasticity Values for Metals |
|
Aluminum Alloys |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Aluminum Alloy 1100 |
69 |
10 |
|
Aluminum Alloy 2024 |
72.4 |
10.5 |
|
Aluminum Alloy 6061 |
69 |
10 |
|
Aluminum Alloy 7075 |
71 |
10.3 |
|
Aluminum Alloy 356.0 |
72.4 |
10.5 |
|
Copper Alloys |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Copper Alloy
C11000 (electrolytic tough pitch) |
115 |
16.7 |
|
Copper Alloy C17200 (beryllium - copper) |
128 |
18.6 |
|
Copper Alloy C22000 (Commercial bronze, 90%) |
115 |
16.7 |
|
Copper Alloy C26000 (cartridge brass) |
110 |
16 |
|
Copper Alloy C36000 (free - cutting brass) |
97 |
14 |
|
Copper Alloy C71500 (copper - nickel, 30%) |
150 |
21.8 |
|
Copper Alloy C93200 (bearing bronze) |
100 |
14.5 |
|
Cast Iron |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Gray Irons |
|
Grade G1800 |
66 - 97 * |
9.6 - 14 * |
|
Grade G3000 |
90 - 113 * |
13.0 - 16.4 * |
|
Grade G4000 |
110 - 138 * |
16 - 20 * |
|
Ductile Irons |
|
Grade 60-40-18 |
169 |
24.5 |
|
Grade 80-55-06 |
168 |
24.4 |
|
Grade 120-90-02 |
164 |
23.8 |
|
Various Non-ferrous Alloys |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Nickel 200 |
204 |
29.6 |
|
Inconel 625 |
207 |
30 |
|
Monel 400 |
180 |
26 |
|
Haynes Alloy 25 |
236 |
34.2 |
|
Invar |
141 |
20.5 |
|
Super Invar |
144 |
21 |
|
Kovar |
207 |
30 |
|
Chemical Lead |
13.5 |
2 |
|
Antimonial lead (6 %) |
44.3 |
6.4 |
|
Tin (Commercially pure) |
30 |
4.4 |
|
Lead - tin solder (60Sn - 40 Pb) |
104.5 |
15.2 |
|
Zinc (Commercially pure) |
99.3 |
14.4 |
|
Steel
Alloys |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel |
200 |
29 |
|
Stainless Steel |
193 |
28 |
|
Cold Drawn Wire Steel |
210 |
30.5 |
|
Tool Steel |
210 |
30.5 |
|
Titanium Alloys |
|
Metal |
Modulus of Elasticity |
|
GPa |
106 psi |
|
Commercially Pure (ASTM Grade 1) |
103 |
14.9 |
|
Titanium Alloy Ti - 5Al - 2.5Sn |
110 |
16 |
|
Titanium Alloy Ti - 6Al - 4V |
114 |
16.5 |